一位作家委托英國(guó)建筑師Gianni Botsford為自己建造一座度假別墅。項(xiàng)目位于哥斯達(dá)黎加的巴勒比海岸，周邊自然環(huán)境豐沃。在令人窒息的美景中，建筑師決定運(yùn)用當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)材料和設(shè)計(jì)元素，建造一座造型簡(jiǎn)潔優(yōu)雅的現(xiàn)代建筑。
“This was a dream commission,” says UK-based architect Gianni Botsford. “Design a retreat for a writer on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. Make it contemporary, with clean lines and a modern aesthetic, and yet be sensitive to local tradition and material use.”
▽雨林中的度假屋，retreat in the jungle
項(xiàng)目基地中除了新建的作家度假屋，還有一座已經(jīng)建好的傳統(tǒng)Cahuita單層房屋?？头亢蛷N房以及餐廳被設(shè)置在老建筑內(nèi)，新建筑為作家起居使用。
新建筑建在由木樁架起的1.2米高的木制平臺(tái)上，主體為由木制步道連接起來的兩個(gè)木結(jié)構(gòu)體塊，一個(gè)供白天活動(dòng)使用，一個(gè)為夜晚休息空間。兩個(gè)體塊的單坡屋頂均從靠近步道的一側(cè)起坡，向總體建筑的邊緣升起，看上去就像是一對(duì)書擋，或是背靠背正在置氣的姐妹。
The Artist’s Retreat is built within the grounds of an existing typical one-storey cobbled-together Cahuita house, such as dot the beach-front. Both buildings combine to create the whole property: the older house as guest quarters and the main kitchen, while the new pavilions are the artist’s main residence.
The result is an outstanding twin-volume structure of timber pavilions; one for daytime use, one for night, linked by a wooden walkway. The pavilions are raised 1.2 m above ground level on timber bases perched on wooden stilts. They sit at each end of the similarly raised walkway, their single pitched roofs rising peak at the extremities of the overall structure. They look like bookends or two quarrelling siblings, squatting hunched with their backs to each other.
▽立面圖，體塊的屋頂向兩側(cè)升起，elevation showing that the roofs rise to the edge of the whole architecture
白天工作所用的體塊較大，面朝大海，空間高度由步道入口處的3米逐漸升到盡端的4.75米，兩端均設(shè)有水平玻璃百葉立面。這種百葉立面在當(dāng)?shù)厥殖Ｒ姡浣ㄔ斐杀镜土?，作家可以通過打開這些百葉讓大海的氣息充滿整個(gè)空間。
工作體塊內(nèi)部設(shè)有一間有17000冊(cè)藏書的圖書館，一個(gè)寫作臺(tái)和一架鋼琴。其墻面和天花均用當(dāng)?shù)氐挠材局瞥?，結(jié)構(gòu)木柱以對(duì)角線的形式沿墻面升起，與天花上長(zhǎng)達(dá)十米的木梁相連，形成了鉆石切割一般的圖案。木制的空間令人感覺溫暖而舒適，而其豐富的紋理和自然特性又讓空間變得生動(dòng)有趣起來。
The roof of the larger daytime work and contemplation space rises from 3 m at the walkway entrance to 4.75 m, to create a high end elevation with a large glazed facade facing towards the sea. The glazing comprises multiple rows of louvered panels. These inexpensive opening slats are common in local architecture. They are repeated at the other end of the building, effectively enabling the writer to open the ends of the pavilion and allow the sea breeze to flow freely through the entire space.
Inside, the library of 17,000 books, a writing desk and a grand piano, nestle within walls and a ceiling crafted out of locally-grown hardwoods. Structural columns rise diagonally up the walls and ceiling beams, also hewn from timber and up to 10m long are knitted together in a diamond pattern. The overall effect is warm and homely, like the wood paneled walls of a study, but also exciting in its audacious yet playful nature.
▽可以將室外景觀一覽無余的玻璃立面，glaze facade through which scenery could be fully enjoyed
▽工作體塊入口，使用玻璃百葉加強(qiáng)通風(fēng)，entrance of the larger volume，using glass louver to enhance ventilation
▽從步道看向工作間，view of the work space from the walkway
▽工作體塊室內(nèi)，interior of the larger volume
▽擁有17000冊(cè)藏書的圖書館，library with 17000 pieces of book
夜晚休息使用的體塊大小只有工作體塊的三分之二，其中設(shè)有臥室和浴室。休息空間朝向雨林，其兩端也采用玻璃百葉立面。
連接兩個(gè)體塊的木制步道被花園景觀環(huán)繞，形成了一個(gè)與室內(nèi)大小相當(dāng)?shù)膽敉馍羁臻g，其中設(shè)有一個(gè)小水塘，200多種植物使這里顯得生機(jī)勃勃。
The smaller pavilion houses the bedroom and bathroom. Identical in form but only 2/3rds the size of the larger pavilion, it is orientated so that its highest end fa?ade faces towards the jungle. It too, features glazed louvers to the end elevations.
The wooden walkway between the two interior spaces is surrounded by a landscaped garden that includes a small pool and over 200 plants: it is seen as an outdoor living space, as large as the main studio, which nestles between avocado, mango and cashew trees.
▽小體塊的外觀和大體塊相似，從玻璃立面可以欣賞雨林景觀，the form of the small volume is similar to the larger one, from which facade the view of jungle could be enjoyed
哥斯達(dá)黎加的富裕區(qū)域偏好西方的建筑形式，Botsford卻選擇在當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)的建筑和材料中汲取靈感。建筑師通過環(huán)境分析軟件對(duì)基地進(jìn)行了研究，為建筑選擇了最佳的位置和朝向，并且根據(jù)業(yè)主的要求，沒有砍掉基地內(nèi)的任何一棵樹木。
按照環(huán)境分析結(jié)果，建筑體塊被設(shè)計(jì)成了平行四邊形，一方面可以獲得最好的景觀和通風(fēng)，另一方面可以降低日照以及相鄰的建筑隊(duì)室內(nèi)空間的影響。連接兩個(gè)體塊的步道長(zhǎng)度也經(jīng)過了嚴(yán)密計(jì)算，其長(zhǎng)度和大體塊一樣，使小體塊在脫離了主建筑風(fēng)影區(qū)的同時(shí)，依然可以沐浴到海風(fēng)。
建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)為木制梁和柱以復(fù)雜的對(duì)角線形式構(gòu)成，既可以支撐空間，又充滿美感。355×50毫米的梁支撐起了整個(gè)天花，沒有用到一根承重柱，徹底解放了室內(nèi)空間。所有的木材都來此當(dāng)?shù)氐挠材?，建筑外立面采用哥斯達(dá)黎加郊區(qū)住宅常用的波形鋼板，一定程度上節(jié)約了建造開銷。
He has taken reference from native building styles and materials, rather than the western-influenced architecture favoured by wealthier Costa Ricans. However, using environmental software, the architect has plotted the sun movement, prevailing winds and desired views onto the site to find the optimum position and orientation for the new building. In addition to these parameters, the client also insisted that no trees be felled.
The shape of the two pavilions – parallelograms – reacts to results of the environmental analysis: it assists in promoting the best views and ventilation, while keeping the low sunlight out of the interior spaces and screening them from neighbouring properties. The length of the walkway between the pavilions was also calculated for optimum efficiency. At twice the length of the main building, it ensures that the smaller pavilion is not in the larger one’s ‘wind shadow’; that it benefits from the ocean breeze as much as the main building does.
The structural design of the pavilions is an intricate pattern of diagonal timber beams and columns. Designed for both structural and aesthetic qualities, the 355 x 50 mm ceiling beams negate the use of central columns. All timber is sourced local hardwood – Laurel, Cachá or Surá – as is the timber cladding and decking for the walkway. Externally, the pavilions are clad in low cost corrugated steel sheeting, as used on many rural Costa Rican dwellings.
▽建筑總平面，形態(tài)為平行四邊形，master plan showing that architecture in parallelogram shape
▽如同鉆石分割一般的梁和結(jié)構(gòu)柱，beams and columns knitted together like diamond division
建筑師通過將當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)建造技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)手段結(jié)合起來，創(chuàng)造了一座輕盈，環(huán)保而又美觀的生態(tài)建筑。這座完美的度假屋如同一首熱帶牧歌，在優(yōu)美的環(huán)境中回響，為加勒比建筑帶來了新生。
“We are bringing new architectural life to the Caribbean by reappraising the architectural heritage of the region and reviving indigenous techniques,” says Botsford. “However, by coupling them with modern design technologies and aesthetics, we have created an eco-architecture that is remarkably light, impacting on its surrounding only minimally both physically and environmentally.” The finished project is a tropical idyll, sitting serenely in its surrounding habitat. Botsford has achieved this by expertly combining local materials and construction methods with his trademark state-of-the-art design techniques to create the perfect writer’s retreat.
▽隱蔽在林中的生態(tài)建筑，eco-architecture hidden in the jungle
▽總平面圖，site plan
▽平面圖，plan
▽剖面圖，section
轉(zhuǎn)自：露營(yíng)家